TIBERIUS JULIUS ALEXANDER
- TIBERIUS JULIUS ALEXANDER
- TIBERIUS JULIUS ALEXANDER (b. c. 14/16 C.E.),
procurator of Judea. Born in Alexandria, Egypt, Tiberius was the son of
the alabarch alexander lysimachus , the brother of
philo . When a young man he entered Roman military service,
thereby becoming in Jewish eyes a man who "did not
continue in the religion of his forefathers"
(Jos., Ant., 20: 100), but there is no knowledge of any formal act of
apostasy on his part. In 42 he was appointed epistrategos
(military commander) of the Thebaid (Upper Egypt). In 46–48 he was
appointed procurator of Judea. Josephus (Ant., 20:100 – 03) records only
two events about his term of office: the great famine in Judea, relieved
with the help of queen helena ; and the crucifixion of the sons of
judah the Galilean at the order of Tiberius, which points to some
national ferment at that time, although Josephus states elsewhere (Wars,
2:220) that Tiberius kept the nation at peace "by abstaining from all
interference with the customs of the country." In 63 he is mentioned as
a high-ranking officer on the staff of the eastern army group of
Corbulo. Tiberius reached the peak of his civil service career in 66
when he was appointed by Nero as prefect of Egypt. Shortly after his
appointment there was a severe clash between the Jewish and Greek
populations of alexandria (Jos., Wars, 2:487ff.). Tiberius first
tried to mediate, but when his attempt was scornfully rejected by the
Jews, he ordered his soldiers to quell the rebels with the utmost rigor.
The number of Jewish dead is said to have reached 50,000. In July 69,
Tiberius was instrumental in acclaiming vespasian , then the
commander of the Roman army in Judea, as emperor. Late in 69 or early in
70, Tiberius reached the climax of his military career, when he was
promoted by Vespasian to be the highest-ranking officer in titu s'
army in Judea, second only to Titus himself. He is mentioned by Josephus
(Wars, 6:236f.) as taking part in the council summoned by Titus to
decide about the fate of the Temple, and is said to have voted not to
destroy it. There is virtually no information about him after this
event.
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Tcherikover, Corpus, 2 (1960), no. 418; Lepape, in: Bulletin de la
Société Archéologique d'Alexandrie, 8:29 (1934), 331 f.; E.G.
Turner, in: Journal of Roman Studies, 44 (1954), 54–64; V.
Burr, Tiberius Iulius Alexander (1955); Schwartz, in:
Annuaire de l' Institut de Philologie et d'Histoire Orientales et
Slaves, 13 (1958), 591ff.; A. Stein, Die Praefekten von
Aegypten in der roemischen Kaiserzeit (1950), 37ff.
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
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